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How to Play Solitaire

Solitaire is a family of single-player card games. Each variant plays differently, pick yours below.

🃏

Klondike

The classic. Seven columns, four foundation piles, alternate colors. The game everyone means when they say "Solitaire."

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🔓

FreeCell

Almost always winnable. Four free cells act as temporary parking spaces. Logic over luck.

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🕷️

Spider

Build and move complete suits within the tableau. Available in 1, 2, or 4 suits.

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🔺

Pyramid

Pair cards that add up to 13. Uncover the entire pyramid before your deck runs out.

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🏔️

TriPeaks

Three overlapping peaks. Remove cards one higher or lower than the current card.

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Golf

Remove as many cards as possible from the tableau to match the discard pile. Lowest score wins.

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🃏 Klondike Solitaire: Complete Rules Guide

Klondike is the definitive Solitaire variant, the game that ships with Windows and the one most people simply call "Solitaire." This guide covers everything from basic rules to advanced strategy and probability math.

Overview and Goal

Klondike Solitaire is a single-player card game. Your goal is to move all 52 cards to 4 foundation piles, one per suit, built up from Ace to King in order. You rearrange cards across 7 tableau columns and draw from a stock pile to find playable cards. The game is won when all foundations are complete (A through K in each suit). It is lost when no legal moves remain.

👤 Solo Play ⏱ 5–30 min 🎂 Ages 7+ 🃏 52-Card Deck

Setup

  1. Shuffle 1 standard 52-card deck (no jokers).
  2. Deal 28 cards face-down into 7 tableau columns: column 1 gets 1 card, column 2 gets 2, column 3 gets 3, through column 7 which gets 7 cards.
  3. Flip the top card of each tableau column face-up.
  4. Place the remaining 24 cards face-down as the Stock pile (top left).
  5. Leave 4 empty spaces for the Foundation piles (top right).

Layout Explained

AreaDescription
Stock Pile24 face-down cards. Draw from here on your turn.
Waste PileCards flipped from the stock. Top card is available to play.
Foundation (4 piles)Built up by suit: A, 2, 3... K. One pile per suit.
Tableau (7 columns)Main play area. Build down in alternating colors.

How to Play

  1. Draw from Stock: Click/flip the top card(s) from the stock to the waste pile. In 1-card draw mode, flip 1 at a time. In 3-card draw mode, flip 3 at a time (only the top card is accessible).
  2. Play from Waste: The top card of the waste pile can be played to a tableau column or foundation if a legal move exists.
  3. Move Tableau Cards: Move face-up cards between tableau columns in alternating-color descending sequences (red 9 on black 10, black 8 on red 9, etc.).
  4. Move to Foundation: Any Ace can start a foundation. Build each foundation up in suit order (A, 2, 3, ..., Q, K).
  5. Reveal Hidden Cards: When a face-up card (or a stack) is moved off a face-down card, flip the newly exposed card face-up.
  6. Fill Empty Columns: Only a King (or a King-led stack) may be moved into an empty tableau column.
  7. Recycle Stock: When the stock is empty, flip the entire waste pile over to form a new stock. In 1-card draw, you can recycle unlimited times (or a limited number, per house rules). In 3-card draw, you can also recycle but the order is preserved.

1-Card Draw vs 3-Card Draw

Feature1-Card Draw (Flip 1)3-Card Draw (Flip 3)
Cards flipped per draw13 (only top card usable)
DifficultyEasierHarder
Win rate (approximate)~43% of games are winnable~83% are solvable in theory; ~11% won in practice
Best forBeginners, casual playChallenge seekers, classic experience

The Windows version historically defaults to 3-card draw. Most mobile apps default to 1-card draw. The win rate for 3-card draw appears low in practice because even solvable games require optimal play that most casual players do not execute.

Building the Foundation

Each of the 4 foundations must be built with cards of one suit, starting with the Ace and ending with the King. You cannot skip ranks. The only source of cards for the foundation is tableau columns and the waste pile. Once a card is placed on the foundation, in most rules it stays there (though some variants allow returning foundation cards to the tableau).

A game is auto-complete (and most digital versions will finish it for you) when all 52 cards are face-up and available -- at that point, every remaining move is deterministic and you have won.

Legal Moves Reference

  • To Foundation: Must match suit, must be exactly one rank higher than the current top foundation card (or be an Ace if foundation is empty).
  • To Tableau: Must be alternating color (red on black, black on red), must be exactly one rank lower than the card it is placed on.
  • To Empty Column: Only a King or a King-led sequence.
  • Moving Stacks: Any legally arranged face-up sequence in a tableau column can be moved as a unit to another tableau column (if the bottom card of the moving stack legally places on the destination).

Strategy Tips

Expose Face-Down Cards First

Your highest priority is always to reveal face-down cards. A hidden card is a potential blocker. Prefer moves that flip a new card over moves that rearrange already-visible cards.

Don't Empty Columns Without a King

Empty tableau columns are valuable but useless without a King to fill them. Before clearing a column, confirm you have a King available in the waste pile, stock, or another column. An empty column with no available King is dead space.

Build Lower Columns First

The columns with more face-down cards (columns 5, 6, 7 in the initial deal) have more hidden cards blocking you. Focus draws and moves on exposing those first.

Don't Rush Foundations

Moving cards to foundations too early can trap sequences in the tableau. If you have a black 8 and a red 9 on the table, sending the red 8 to the foundation prevents you from extending the black 8 sequence later with a red 7. Balance foundation building with tableau needs.

Track Suit Parity

In 3-card draw, the buried cards cycle in a fixed order. After one pass through the stock, note which key cards (Aces, low cards) are trapped. Plan which tableau moves will open them up in subsequent passes.

Win Probability Math

Klondike's solvability has been studied extensively:

  • 1-Card Draw: Approximately 79-91% of deals are theoretically solvable by a perfect player. In practice (without perfect play), the win rate is closer to 43%.
  • 3-Card Draw: Approximately 82-91% of deals are theoretically solvable. In practice with average play, win rates are 11-15%.
  • Unsolvable deals: Some starting configurations are provably unwinnable regardless of play. You cannot always know this from the start without computation.
  • The game's complexity comes from the partially hidden information (face-down cards) and the fixed stock cycle, not from the number of possible moves.

Wrong House Rules

  • "You can move any card to an empty column." Only Kings (or King-led stacks) may occupy empty tableau columns.
  • "You draw until you find something to play." You draw the set number of cards (1 or 3) per draw action. You cannot keep drawing until you like what comes up.
  • "Foundation cards can never come back to the tableau." Standard rules allow returning foundation cards to the tableau if needed. Many digital versions disable this, so check your platform's rules.
  • "Red must go on red, same color on same color." Tableau builds in ALTERNATING colors: red on black, black on red.

History of Solitaire (Klondike)

Solitaire games originated in 18th-century Scandinavia and northern Germany, where single-player card games called "Patience" were recorded from approximately 1783. The games spread to France and England through the early 19th century, becoming fashionable parlor games particularly associated with Napoleon Bonaparte (who reportedly played Patience during his exile on St. Helena).

Klondike specifically is named for the Klondike region of Canada (now Yukon), associated with the 1896-1899 gold rush. It became popular in North America in the late 19th century. The game's global dominance arrived when Microsoft included it in Windows 3.0 (1990) as a subtle way to teach users mouse drag-and-drop mechanics. It became one of the most-played computer games in history as a result. Windows Solitaire has been played by an estimated 1 billion people since its introduction.

Klondike FAQ

What is the difference between 1-card and 3-card draw in Solitaire?

In 1-card (flip 1) mode, you turn one card at a time from the stock and can access every card individually. In 3-card (flip 3) mode, you flip three at a time but only the top card of the three is playable. 1-card is easier with a higher practical win rate (~43%). 3-card is harder with a lower practical win rate (~11-15%).

Can you place any card in an empty tableau column?

No. Only a King or a King-led sequence may be placed in an empty tableau column.

How do you win Solitaire?

Move all 52 cards to the 4 foundation piles, one per suit, built from Ace to King in order. The game is won when all foundations are complete.

What percentage of Solitaire games are winnable?

In 1-card draw mode, roughly 79-91% of deals are theoretically solvable. In practice with average play, about 43% are won. In 3-card draw, about 82-91% are theoretically solvable but only about 11-15% are won in practice.

Can you move foundation cards back to the tableau?

By standard rules, yes. However, many digital versions disable this. Check your game's specific settings.

What do you do when you run out of stock cards?

Flip the waste pile over to create a new stock pile. In 1-card draw you can typically do this unlimited times; in 3-card draw the same applies, though some variants limit redraws.

Why is it called Klondike?

The name likely references the Klondike gold rush region of Canada (1896-1899), where miners reportedly played this version. It became widely known as Klondike to distinguish it from other Solitaire variants.

What is auto-complete in Solitaire?

Auto-complete triggers when all 52 cards are face-up and accessible. At that point, all remaining moves are deterministic and guaranteed to win. Digital versions typically complete the game automatically at this point.